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This potent antioxidant is a highly stable form of vitamin C that improves skin tone, helps fade discolorations, and visibly firms skin.
Antioxidant known to help visibly fade discolourations and soothe skin. It also helps skin naturally produce its own hyaluronic acid content.
AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.
Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.
Also known as AHA, it exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.
Synthetic form of glycolic acid used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant.
A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works as an exfoliant. Due to its large molecule size, it's generally better tolerated by those with sensitive skin than glycolic acid.
Contains some antioxidant and skin-soothing properties, particularly from the enzyme bromelain it contains.
Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.
Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.
Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.
There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.
May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.
We couldn't find this in our ingredient dictionary. We log all missing ingredients and make continuous updates.
We have not yet rated this ingredient because we have not had a chance to review the research on it.